Computer programmers enjoy a high median salary and career flexibility. Learn more about computer programming careers.
Thomas Broderick Thomas Broderick Read Full BioThomas Broderick is a freelance writer and the owner of Broderick Writer LLC. He creates study guides, informational websites, and blog posts for clients in the education field. Thomas is also a published author of over 20 short stories and a member .
Updated on April 19, 2024 Valerie Black Valerie Black Read Full BioEditor, Business Education
Valerie Black has over 12 years of experience as a professor and 10 years in journalism. She empowers students to leverage the resources that are available but not easily accessible. Her focus is in online education, rich content, and digital storyte.
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Learn more about our editorial process Thomas Broderick Thomas Broderick Read Full BioThomas Broderick is a freelance writer and the owner of Broderick Writer LLC. He creates study guides, informational websites, and blog posts for clients in the education field. Thomas is also a published author of over 20 short stories and a member .
Valerie Black Valerie Black Read Full BioEditor, Business Education
Valerie Black has over 12 years of experience as a professor and 10 years in journalism. She empowers students to leverage the resources that are available but not easily accessible. Her focus is in online education, rich content, and digital storyte.
Reviewed by Monali Mirel Chuatico Monali Mirel Chuatico Read Full BioMonali Mirel Chuatico is a data engineer who currently works at Mission Lane. She also helps new grads and young professionals overcome underemployment by teaching them data analytics tools and mentoring them on their professional development journey.
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The need for computer and information technology professionals is projected to grow substantially over the next 10 years. Jobs with the highest projected growth include information security analyst and web developer. This makes computer programming careers attractive to recent high school graduates and workers wanting to switch jobs.
Consider computer programming careers for their good median salary. Some jobs do not require a college diploma and let you work remotely.
Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.
A career in computer programming requires an aptitude for technology, science, and math. Additionally, patience and problem-solving skills are essential, as writing and testing code is a complex and sometimes stressful process.
Like most technology fields, computer programming takes commitment and dedication to master. Individuals who are considering this career should have a strong desire to learn and continuously improve their programming competencies. Computer systems and software technologies are constantly being updated, so you should be looking for new industry information throughout your career.
BestColleges recently sat down with Austin Norby, an experienced computer programmer who provided valuable advice for people wanting to enter the field. His journey began when a required college computer programming class changed his academic and career trajectory. A year-long internship helped him get a job with the National Security Agency just after graduation.
Austin believes that one of the computer programming field's greatest advantages for professionals is its flexibility. It (computer programming) can be applied to any field and it's an exponential technology, he tells job-seekers. In other words, every industry, employer, and government agency needs computer programmers' unique knowledge and skills.
The U.S. Department of Labor projects the need for computer and information technology professionals to grow by over 14% between 2021-2031. Computer programmers earned a median annual salary of $97,800 in 2022 — more than double the median wage for all occupations ($46,310), according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
But many companies are deciding to offshore their programming needs, as programming tasks can be completed anywhere around the world. This is why the BLS projects that employment for computer programmers will decline by 11% from 2022 to 2032.
However, you can use the computer skills that you develop in a computer programming degree to pursue other in-demand technology careers, such as software developer, web developer, and computer support specialist. The BLS projects these occupations to grow by 25%, 16%, and 5%, respectively, from 2022-2032 — much faster than the projected growth rate for the average occupation in the U.S.
| Job Title | Entry-Level (0-12 months) | Early Career (1-4 Years) | Midcareer (5-9 Years) | Experienced (10-19 Years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Technical Support Specialist | $41,000 | $52,000 | $55,000 | $57,000 |
| Web Developer | $52,00 | $62,000 | $72,000 | $78,000 |
| Software Developer | $68,000 | $75,000 | $89,000 | $100,000 |
You can gain many of the skills needed for a career in computer programming on your own through online tutorials, self-instruction, and guided practice. However, a college degree or professional certification validates these skills to future employers or clients. Formal education or training also provides opportunities to develop skills in areas like project management or budgeting.
Below, you can read about five skills essential to the success of aspiring computer programmers.
Computer programmers must know at least one programming language, such as Java, Swift, Python, or C++. These languages allow programmers to create instruction sets or algorithms that direct computers to perform calculations based on inputs and outputs. Software applications are made up of many of these instruction sets. Most companies seek programmers who can code in two or more languages.
Success as a computer programmer relies heavily on conditional thinking, commonly referred to as "if this, then that." Programmers use logic to create adaptability and interactivity within a computer application. Logic also plays a key role in troubleshooting code errors, writing tests, quality assurance, and other problem-solving tasks.
Meeting needs and solving problems drives the work of computer programmers. A small error in a piece of code can sometimes lead to catastrophic failure. Once programmers develop code, they maintain and improve it to add features and fix bugs, some of which may only occur in specific and rare circumstances.
Programmers need strong research skills for a variety of tasks, including learning new computer languages. They also need the ability to research solutions for newly encountered issues and errors in previously written code.
All coders and programmers make mistakes. Because of the precise nature of the work, identifying and correcting errors can take many hours. In some circumstances, an entire project may need to be scrapped if a solution is too costly or unworkable. Patience and perseverance help programmers deal with this frustration and continue making progress toward their goals.
Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.
Since technology plays an integral role in nearly every industry, businesses require computer programmers for many reasons, including creating applications, protecting system networks, and analyzing data. As such, the field contains a variety of specialized paths, including cybersecurity, mobile development, and data science.
During his interview with BestColleges, Austin argued that for computer programmers, the jump between them (different industries) is simply a matter of learning any missing technologies and whether the company uses your preferred programming language. He suggests that this advantage provides greater job security for computer programmers than they would experience working in a different field.
Cybersecurity professionals protect sensitive data and investigate computer-based crimes and fraud. Students prepare for cybersecurity careers by learning about forensic digital analysis, system vulnerability identification, and applied cryptography. Cybersecurity students also participate in "ethical hacking" projects to hone their skills.
Data science involves the use of algorithms and various systems to draw new knowledge or insights from structured and unstructured data. After completing coursework in machine learning and data management systems, students often seek out careers in data analysis or database administration.
More and more technologies incorporate some form of artificial intelligence to solve problems or perform their functions more effectively. As a result, learners specializing in artificial intelligence can enter a variety of careers in computer programming while applying their expertise in human language technologies and advanced algorithm design.
Mobile development involves creating applications and programs for handheld devices. Students usually take classes in graphic design and application development for specific operating systems. Upon graduation, they may create apps for existing technology companies or launch their own entrepreneurial ventures.
Rather than focusing exclusively on the technical aspects of computer programming, some learners may study the business side of software. Students master microeconomic theory, financial accounting, and statistics for business management. Graduates are prepared to lead IT teams, departments, and organizations.
One of the benefits of a computer programming career is the diversity of professional opportunities in the field. For example, professionals with only an associate degree can qualify for jobs as web developers and computer support specialists.
However, with a bachelor's degree in computer programming, you can take on more advanced roles, including cybersecurity analyst and enterprise application developer. Students who supplement their programming skills with expertise in hardware may also become computer engineers or computer network architects.
Although not always a requirement, a master's degree may give you a competitive edge over other candidates for director and manager positions. Finally, a doctorate in computer programming prepares you for careers in academia or research.
While an associate degree may allow you to obtain some junior positions in the IT field, you may not be able to qualify for roles such as computer programmers and software developers. If your goal is to become a full-fledged programmer or developer, you can consider an associate degree in computer programming as a stepping stone toward a bachelor's.
If you earn your associate degree at an accredited community college, you can often easily transfer your credits into a bachelor's program. This approach tends to be less expensive than earning all your undergraduate credits at a four-year college or university.
Computer support specialists offer technical assistance to users and organizations. For example, they may staff a computer helpline, answering questions about common issues and referring more serious problems to other technicians. They may also set up new equipment, perform regular maintenance, and install updates for computers and devices linked to their company's network.
Salary
$59,660
Web developers design and build websites. They must often know how to write code using a programming language like JavaScript. Back-end developers focus on the technical infrastructure of a site, while front-end developers are responsible for a site's layout, graphic design, and the functionality of interactive elements.
Salary
$64,570 (as of March 2024)
A bachelor's degree is the standard educational requirement for most jobs in computer programming. Undergraduate programs provide advanced instruction in areas like programming logic; network security; and systems analysis, design, and integration.
Students may also learn specific programming languages depending on their desired career path. For example, a student who wants to work in a healthcare IT department and manage the patient database for a large hospital may learn Structured Query Language (SQL).
Undergraduate programs also typically incorporate some form of experiential learning, such as an internship or capstone project. Students pursuing an online bachelor's in computer programming may compile a portfolio of work showcasing their skills.
These professionals are responsible for creating the code that enables applications and programs to run smoothly and effectively. In addition to writing new programs, programmers may update old programs to help applications run more efficiently and debug any problems they encounter. These professionals usually need a bachelor's degree.
Salary
$97,800
Information security analysts protect an organization's computer networks and systems. They may actively monitor networks for security breaches, conduct penetration testing to discover potential vulnerabilities or develop security standards for colleagues and users. Information security analysts typically need at least a bachelor's in computer programming or a related field.
Salary
$112,000
Software developers design computer applications and operating systems. They conduct needs assessments, draft the structure of new programs to meet those needs, and oversee the maintenance and ongoing testing of their products. Whether they write the underlying code or not, software developers need a strong background in computer programming to guide their work.
Salary
$124,200
A master's degree in computer programming prepares you for managerial roles in IT. In addition to studying technical subjects like parallel computing and software engineering, learners in these programs often complete coursework in personnel management, organizational development, and business law.
Some graduate students also complete a thesis or capstone project. Thesis-track master's programs help learners develop skills in quantitative and qualitative analysis, positioning them for further studies or careers in research. Capstone projects — more common in practice-oriented programs — give students the opportunity to apply their learning to a real challenge in computer programming.
These managers oversee computer-related activities at an organization. They create budgets, hire and supervise staff, and collaborate closely with senior leadership. They also ensure the availability of data through management information systems and lead cybersecurity efforts. Many companies prefer to hire candidates with a master's degree in business administration or a relevant technical discipline.
Salary
$164,070
Computer and information research scientists invent new technologies and identify innovative uses for existing technologies. For example, they may create a new computer programming language to enhance or accelerate software development. Computer scientists often focus on a specific field, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, or data science. Most of these jobs require at least a master's degree.
Salary
$136,620
A doctoral degree represents the pinnacle of academic achievement in computer programming. Students who earn this terminal degree often assume senior leadership roles in industry or pursue careers in academia. While you may qualify for some teaching positions at a community college with a master's, tenured faculty positions at four-year institutions require a doctorate.
Most doctoral programs require students to complete a dissertation. The dissertation process involves conducting original research, organizing your methods and findings in a written document, and defending your dissertation before a faculty committee. Some programs give students the option of completing a practice-based doctoral project rather than writing a dissertation.
Chief technology officers lead all aspects of their company's IT efforts. They generally serve as a member of their firm's executive team, helping to shape and implement overall organizational strategy. Depending on the size of their company, chief technology officers may also supervise the work of multiple IT managers. Though typically not required, a doctorate can help signal advanced expertise to potential employers.
Salary
$175,560 (as of Mach 2024)
Postsecondary teachers instruct students at colleges and universities. They also conduct and publish original research, serve as advisors to master's and doctoral students, and perform administrative tasks. These positions almost always require a specialized doctoral degree.
Salary
$84,760
Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.
Many industries require trained computer professionals to improve company operations and provide technology support. As such, computer programming majors can find careers in a variety of sectors, including business, technology, and academia.
Refer to the table below to learn more about different industries that employ computer programmers. Relevant salary data is also included.
| Industry | Description | Average Salary |
|---|---|---|
| Computer Systems Design and Related Services | Programmers in this industry design automatic processing systems and computer software and hardware. | $100,780 |
| Software Publishers | In the software publishing industry, computer programmers work for companies that design, produce, and distribute the software needed to run computer systems and networks. | $108,580 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | This sector consists of establishments that support and oversee other companies. Computer programmers in this industry develop and design solutions to improve company operations. | $107,180 |
| Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services | Computer programming professionals in this field provide direct support for data processing services. They may also develop web services and applications for a company's clients. | $108,480 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | Computer programmers in academic workplaces provide technology-related services and hardware and software support. | $87,530 |
Because computer programmers can write and test code from anywhere, they may be able to find job opportunities across the country. However, there are several states that have an especially large number of computer programming jobs. California, New York, and Texas account for almost 30% of the roughly 200,000 computer programming positions in the U.S.
Additionally, although Washington and the District of Columbia may not employ as many computer programmers, they provide the highest annual mean salaries for these professionals. Below is a map that details each state's average salary and number of computer programming jobs.
| State | Annual Mean Wage |
|---|---|
| Alabama | $91,450 |
| Alaska | $97,440 |
| Arizona | $86,700 |
| Arkansas | $83,910 |
| California | $122,660 |
| Colorado | $120,370 |
| Connecticut | $93,320 |
| Delaware | $96,650 |
| District of Columbia | $111,350 |
| Florida | $93,320 |
| Georgia | $94,330 |
| Hawaii | N/A |
| Idaho | $82,660 |
| Illinois | $84670 |
| Indiana | $94,180 |
| Iowa | $87,770 |
| Kansas | $64,350 |
| Kentucky | $83,340 |
| Louisiana | N/A |
| Maine | $81,750 |
| Maryland | $106,800 |
| Massachusetts | $111,270 |
| Michigan | $94,500 |
| Minnesota | N/A |
| Mississippi | $71,770 |
| Missouri | $76,360 |
| Montana | $94,920 |
| Nebraska | $92,860 |
| Nevada | $97,550 |
| New Hampshire | $79,060 |
| New Jersey | $112,070 |
| New Mexico | $74,420 |
| New York | $108,940 |
| North Carolina | $104,890 |
| North Dakota | $89,220 |
| Ohio | $85,630 |
| Oklahoma | $88,590 |
| Oregon | $102,490 |
| Pennsylvania | $97,590 |
| Puerto Rico | $52,100 |
| Rhode Island | $89,170 |
| South Carolina | $98,810 |
| South Dakota | $65,450 |
| Tennessee | N/A |
| Texas | $93,570 |
| Utah | $99,840 |
| Vermont | $81,600 |
| Virginia | $119,410 |
| Washington | $126,320 |
| West Virginia | $66,400 |
| Wisconsin | $101,510 |
| Wyoming | $80,850 |
Preparing for a computer programming career involves making the most of your undergraduate education. Work with professors and academic advisors to choose classes relevant to your short- and long-term career goals. You can also visit your school's career center to start exploring jobs.
A good internship experience can help you stand out in a crowded job applicant pool. I cannot stress enough how much this (completing an internship) boosted my career prospects, Austin tells college students approaching graduation. If something like that exists in your area, definitely apply for it!
Finding a job requires more than sending out resumes. Never stop learning, Austin tells job-seekers. Seriously, I can't stress this enough. You will be so much more valuable having learned new skills in the context of older skills through your entire career.
Austin also advises recent college graduates to stay positive if their job hunt takes longer than expected. Keep looking and be willing to take remote positions or relocate for a short, fixed period of time to get the experience or company position you want. Professional experience may qualify you for new jobs and increased salary potential.
As computer science continues to evolve, programmers are always looking to keep up with advancements in technology and computational processes. Fortunately, there are professional resources that can help computer programming majors.
The BLS reports that computer programmers earned a median salary of $97,800 in 2022. Professionals in Washington, California, and Colorado made an average salary exceeding $120,000 that same year.
Entry-level coders make an average salary of $63,690, according to Payscale. You may earn significantly less than this amount if you start your career without a college degree. However, professionals without a degree can increase their salary by earning professional certifications and completing boot camps.
According to a 2022 survey by Stack Overflow, about 70% of computer programmers reported being happy at work. Professionals cite the career's high average salary and remote work opportunities. However, the job features some downsides, such as repetitive tasks and a stressful working environment.
A March 2024 Fortune report showed that chief technology officers, machine learning engineers, and AI engineers make the highest computer programming salaries. Positions in the San Francisco Bay Area, New York, and Phoenix offer the most compensation. However, remember that these and other high-paying positions require many years of experience.
The computer programming field offers many advantages, such as high salary potential and more remote work opportunities. Self-taught computer programmers can also apply to entry-level positions without a college degree.
After four years as a government employee with the National Security Agency, Austin Norby joined Blue Star Software, where he is now the director of cyber initiatives. Austin wears many hats, including technical presenter, talent acquisition specialist, course creator, teacher, and software engineer. He also holds industry-recognized accreditations, such as the OSCP, OSWP, and CISSP credentials. In his spare time, Austin enjoys honing his infosec skills on CTFs, reading, gaming, and eating incredible food.
Note: The insights on this page — excluding school descriptions — were reviewed by an independent third party compensated for their time by BestColleges. Page last reviewed April 9, 2024.
BestColleges.com is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site.
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